On the basis of the issues linked to the worldwide agricultural activity, Etienne Hainzelin explores the approach of the agroecology, especially the ecological intensification of the farming systems. He shows the interest of keeping the ecological services of the environments, but also all the issues of knowledge and research linked to this transformation.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : biodiversity, ecological intensification, agroecology

Etienne Hainzelin and Alain Ratnadass take an interest in pests and diseases. It can be defined as the part of the biodiversity which goes against the production. They evidence the paradigm of eradication, still important today, but taking the risks linked to the use of pesticides into account, they examine how the biodiversity can fight those pests and diseases.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : agriculture, pesticides, biodiversity, pests and diseases

With Etienne Hainzelin and Eric Blanchart, we will discover the third biotic boundary: the soils. They give several data regarding their important biodiversity, and they relate this biodiversity with the good functioning of the agroecosystems.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : agriculture, biodiversity, soil, microorganism

Etienne Hainzelin presents the main sorts of biodiversity which are linked to the agricultural systems: support biodiversity and destructive biodiversity. He focuses on the first one, and shows that, in the recent history, the human populations concentrated on some 'elite' varieties, as part of an high-yield agriculture, to the detriment of a specific and genetic diversity, which was raised and enriched over the centuries.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : agriculture, biodiversity, genes, elite varieties

Etienne Hainzelin comes back to the striking evolutions of the agricultural systems for hundred years, particularly in the rich countries. Today, this is an intensified agriculture, based on the supply of fertilizers and pesticides, and on the use of the 'elite' varieties. This transformation, which affected as the landscapes as the functioning of the human societies, also supported the progressive emergence of questionings about the compatibility between the high-yield agriculture and the preservation of ecosystems.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : biodiversity, intensive agriculture, ecosystems

Etienne Hainzelin presents the main sorts of ecosystem services evidenced by the Millenium Impact Assessment (2005). He shows that, during the last decades, the development of an industrial agriculture especially took place by the replacement of a part of those ecosystem services by the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : agriculture, ecosystem services

Etienne Hainzelin proposes an overview of the main steps of the agriculture evolution since the Neolithic. He shows the current importance of this activity, from a socioeconomic point of view. He also evidences the extreme specialization of the human populations, who get 90% of their calories from only 30 species.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : agriculture, biodiversity, farmers

Sur la base des enjeux associés à l'activité agricole dans le monde, Etienne Hainzelin explore la voie de l'agroécologie, et notamment de l'intensification écologique des systèmes de culture. Dans cette perspective, il montre tout l'intérêt de maintenir les services écologiques des milieux, mais aussi tous les enjeux de savoirs et de recherche associés à cette transformation.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : biodiversité, Intensification écologique, Agroécologie

Dans cette présentation, Etienne Hainzelin et Alain Ratnadass s'intéressent aux bioagresseurs, qui peuvent être définis comme la partie de la biodiversité qui va à l'encontre de la production. Ils mettent en évidence le paradigme d'éradication qui prévaut encore largement aujourd'hui mais, compte tenu des risques associés à l'usage de pesticides, ils explorent les moyens de lutte mobilisant la biodiversité elle-même pour combattre ces bioagresseurs.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : biodiversité, agriculture, pesticides, Bioagresseurs

Etienne Hainzelin et Eric Blanchart nous emmènent à la découverte de la troisième frontière biotique, à savoir les sols. Ils apportent plusieurs données concernant la biodiversité très importante qu'on y trouve et ils mettent en relation cette biodiversité avec le bon fonctionnement des agroécosystèmes.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : biodiversité, agriculture, Sol, Microorganismes