SÉMINAIRE DE LA CHAIRE DE MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE« SORTIR DE L’EAU OU LE PASSAGE DE LA VIE AQUATIQUEÀ LA VIE TERRESTRE »Jeudi 8 avril 2010Amphithéâtre Maurice HalbwachsCollège de France11, Place Marcelin Berthelot – 75231 Paris Cedex 05Organisateurs : Pierre Corvol et Jean-Luc Elghozi11h00 – 11h30 Jean-Luc Elghozi (Fac. de Médecine - Paris Descartes)Le passage à la station debout : gravité et baroréflexe
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : adaptation, Collège de France, évolution

Psychopathy is a developmental disorder associated with significantly increased risk for antisocial behavior and emotional dysfunction, including reduced empathy. But what is empathy? In this talk, I will consider three potential forms of empathy: cognitive empathy (Theory of Mind), motor empathy and emotional empathy. I will conclude that only the latter is impaired in psychopathy and, more specifically, only the emotional response to the fearful and sad expressions is impaired in individuals with the disorder. I will relate the empathy impairment seen in psychopathy to reduced functioning of the amygdala, particularly in response to the emotional expressions of fear and sadness. I will then consider the importance of this form of responding for later development, in particular, moral development and socialization. I will conclude with data showing reduced functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in children with psychopathy during moral reasoning. Origine SPI-EAO CERIMES Canal-U Santé et Sport Générique Auteur: James Blair N.I.M.H Bethesda - Unit on affective cognitive neuroscience.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : amygdale, Collège de France, psychiatrie empathie

Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia continue to present complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Traditionally, bipolar disorder has been considered as a clinical entity distinct from schizophrenia, although that assumption is being increasingly challenged. Despite the availability of international classifications, such as the DSM-IV and ICD-10, which clearly distinguish these two disorders, diagnosis is still problematic due to instability and symptoms overlap. In addition, each disorder is heterogeneous characterized by different subtypes and degrees of severity. Proponents of a bipolar continuum theory support the concept of an expanded psychiatric continuum ranging from bipolar disorders to schizophrenia. Although, the concept of continuum has never been clearly defined, this notion is supported by various independent findings. Both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia demonstrate a high degree of genetic heritability. Some data reported in family and twin studies suggest a genetic overlap between the two disorders. Gene mapping for both diseases is in its early stages, but certain susceptibility markers appear to be located on the same chromosomes and some candidate genes have been associated with each of these disorders. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia also demonstrate some similarities in neurotransmitter dysfunction. Neuroimaging and cognitive studies have also provided arguments suggesting the existence of a continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. As further indirect evidence of a possible association, many atypical antipsychotic agents approved for the treatment of schizophrenia are also proving useful for bipolar disorder. Conversely, mood stabilizers have also been proposed in the treatment of schizophrenia. Recent research using dimensional and genetic approaches may reconcile both (unitary versus Kraepelinian) conceptions. Origine SPI-EAO CERIMES Canal-U Santé et Sport Générique Auteurs : Frank BELLIVIER – Franck Schurhoff Pôle de Psychiatrie CHU Mondor-Chenevier Créteil /INSERM U842 Paris XII
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : Collège de France, gènes, neurobiologie, psychiatrie, schizophrénie, troubles bipolaire