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"Beneficial JI" Debate
/ Canal-u.fr
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"Beneficial JI" Debate Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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“Improvising together” Debate
/ Canal-u.fr
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“Improvising together” Debate Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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Deconstructing “joint improvisation”
/ 06-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
BROWN Steven
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What is “joint” and what is “improvisational” about joint improvisation? The “joint” aspect can be contrastedwith solo improvisation, such as that of a jazz pianist. Even when jazz pianists improvise in the context of anensemble, the arrangement of these improvisationsis often serial, rather than simultaneous: each instrumentalist improvises in turn while other members of theensemble play relatively fixed parts. This is in contrast to forms of improvisation in which two or moreperformers improvise simultaneously, either as separate entities (as occurs in contemporary dance) or as acollective unit (as in 2personimprov acting or contact improvisation). To understand all of these cases, weneed to think about the partnershiparrangement of the performers and their leader/follower dynamic. Next, to explore the “improvisational”aspect, we need to realize that improvisation is, first and foremost, a form of creativity, in particular the typethat occurs online during performance. This is in contrast to online types of creativity that occur away fromperformance – such as brainstormingsessions – as well as to longterm(offline) forms of group creativity, such as technology development or theproduction of an opera. As such, we need to examine established models of improvisation in order tounderstand how joint improvisation might occur. Influential models from the study of jazz include Pressing’smodel of recombining prelearnedstructures, and JohnsonLaird’smodel of rulebasedimprovisation.
Finally, I will examine neural aspects of the “joint” and the “improvisational” by describing the results of thefirst twopersonfunctional MRI study of improvisation during partnered movement. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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There could be ten seconds where everyone is connected and you feel really joined by the same thread and it’s really magical
/ 06-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
CANCE Caroline
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Joint actions require an ability to understand and predict the actions of others far enough into the future to
have time to plan and execute matching motor programs. Here I will review experiments in which we have
tracked information flow from one brain to another to show that the motor system seems to play a key role in
these functions. I will embed this experimental data in a Hebbian learning model, which posits that
predictions are the result of synaptic
plasticity during selfobservation. Jointly this talk will aim to trigger thoughts on how we can study the
involvement of the motor system in coordinating actions across individuals Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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Improvising in Sign Language and Gestures
/ 06-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
CITRON Ati
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The Sign Language Theatre Laboratory is a practicebasedartistic research group that began operating in2014 as part of the Grammar of the Body (GRAMBY) Interdisciplinary Research Project led by University ofHaifa linguist Wendy Sandler and funded by the European Research Council. Most of the nine Lab actorsare deaf and hardofhearing,and all of them use Israeli Sign Language (ISL) on a daily basis. We use ISLcombined with expressive gestures and physical theatre in order to develop a form of visual theatre that isaimed at both deaf and hearing spectators. Improvisation is our principal method of operation. We play withthe mimetic component of ISL, highlighting facial expressions and body language, and experimenting withgestures that are normally performed and understood by hearing and deaf people alike. We are inspired bydeaf culture as well as by the work of 20th Century theatre experimentalists such as Meyerhold, Artaud,Grotowski and the Living Theatre. We also draw from the language of two forms of traditional Indian dancetheatre, Kutiyattam and Kathakali, which employ combinations of codified hand movements (mudras) andfacial expressions (rasas) to present the dramaticaction. When our group was introduced to these genres in a workshop, we discovered a surprising affinitybetween the signs of traditional Indian theatre and those used in ISL. From this potpourri we devise ourtheatrical materials. We improvise within certain movement routines and exercises, realizing that free groupimprovisation can only stem from clear, at times even rigid structures and rules. Also necessary, of course,are “comprehensive listening”, which deaf actors practice visually, the ability to lead and be led, and finally,the skill of contributing to a collective creation. These will be demonstrated in my presentation through ananalysis of a few short videos of our work. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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Operationalizing Social Neuroscience through HumanHuman and HumanMachine Interactions
/ 05-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
DUMAS Guillaume
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How are neural, behavioral and social scales coordinated in real time so as to make possible the emergenceof social cognition? Answering this question requires to study the dynamics of coordination in real humaninteractions. However, even at the simplest dyadic scale, methodological and theoretical challenges remain.Several theories have been proposedto infer the link between neurobiology and social psychology, but the dynamical components of humaninteraction are still poorly explored because of the difficulty to record simultaneously the brain activity fromseveral subjects. This is the goal of hyperscanning methodology. I will first present how the combination ofsituated social paradigms with hyperscanning allowed to demonstrate that states of interactional synchronyat the behavioral level correlate with the emergence of interindividualsynchronization at the brain level(Dumas et al. PLoS ONE 2010). These interbrainsynchronization appeared to reflect in different frequencybands different aspects of social interaction, such as interactional synchrony, anticipation of other’s actionsand coregulationof turntaking.Then, I will present how such phenomena can be simulated with biologicallyinspired numerical simulations (e.g. using direct measures of brain connectivity with DTI) and how thehuman connectome facilitates interindividualsynchronizations and thus may partly account for ourpropensity to generate dynamical couplings with others (Dumas et al. PLoS ONE 2012). Finally, I willpresent another tool called the Human Dynamic Clamp (HDC) (Dumas et al. PNAS 2014). This HDCintegrates equations of human motion at the neurobehavioral level. A human and a “virtual partner” are thenreciprocally coupled in realtime,which allow controlling the dynamical parameters of the interaction whilemaintaining the continuous flow of interaction. This technique scaled up to the level of human behavior theidea of dynamic clamps used to study the dynamics of interactions between neurons. Combininghumanhumanand humanmachineinteractions thus presents new approaches for investigating theneurobiological mechanisms of social interaction, and for testing theoretical/computational modelsconcerning the dynamics at the neural, behavioral and social scales. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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From me and you to we: how our brain integrates our actions and emotions when we interact
/ 05-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
GAZZOLA Valeria
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It is now well known that areas in the brain that are active when we act or feel become active again when weobserve other people act and express their emotions – as if we would internally relivewhat the other personis doing and feeling. In our daily lives though we hardly behave as passive observers, but rather interact withothers. During my talk I will guide you through a series of experiments that try to investigate how our brainintegrates our perception of others within a more realistic dyadic interaction in which such perception istransformed into a behavioural response to the state of the other. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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Improvising Interaction
/ 04-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
HEALEY Patrick
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Even the most tightly scripted solo performances involve improvisation; the detailed execution of each note
or word cannot be completely determined in advance. In joint performances the challenge of coordinating
the actions of multiple people in realtime becomes even more complex. One response to this challenge has
involved appeal to prediction using ‘forward models’ from computational models of action planning. These
models involve automatic activation of motor representations of the future perceptual consequences of an
unfolding action. Although normally associated with action production, if a person perceiving the action can
also produce a forward model they can predict what word or note will come next. An important problem with
this approach is that it is by definition conservative. It only works for familiar or rehearsed actions and cannot
account for the production of novel or improvised responses. Using case studies from free jazz improvisation
and conversation I will illustrate this problem for natural coordinated action. Rather than relying on access
to preestablished shared representations, constructive engagement in these situations requires
mechanisms that enable people to adapt and create new conventions on the fly i.e. improvise. I will argue
that the key processes through which this is achieved are the interactional processes of ‘repair’ that we use
to detect and deal with things that do not go as expected. These mechanisms are not auxiliary but rather
provide the fundamental foundations on which all successful human interaction depends. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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“Quantifying JI” Short talk 1.2: Tommi Himberg -
Mirroring improvised hand movements in a dyad
/ 04-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
HIRATA Helena
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We studied coordination and movement kinematics in a mirror game. 32 participants (18 f, 14 m; mean age
25.2 years, range 19–37) performed circledrawing and freely improvised hand movement mirroring tasks in
dyads. The participants were standing facetoface, right index fingers pointed at each other, fingertips
10–15 cm apart. In turn, one of the participants
was appointed the leader, or the dyad was instructed to share leadership. Hand movements were recorded
using an optical motion capture system. Joint leadership resulted in smoother performances than the
leader–follower condition; the follower participant would often hesitate or correct their movements, resulting
in oscillatory 2–3 Hz jitter. In joint leadership tasks this jitter was 23% lower than in followers (p < 0.01). This
corresponds with the “coconfident
motion” observed in joint leadership mirror task by Noy et al. (2011). In leaderfollower tasks the follower
trailed the leader by approximately 0.3 seconds. Joint leadership trials resulted in mutual adaptation, with
both participants “following” each other at similar lags. Windowed analysis revealed that the direction of the
lag varied at subsecond intervals. Hand movements were faster in circle drawing than in free improvisation,
but there were no velocity differences
between the leadership conditions. These findings imply that dyads that share leadership perform smoother
movements and exhibit stronger mutual adaptation than dyads where one participant is externally assigned
as the leader. Our study on coordination of threedimensional movements extends the scope of previous
dyadic interaction studies that used rhythmic tapping and 1D movements. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
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Brain to Brain approaches to joint actions
/ 04-11-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
KEYSERS Christian
Voir le résumé
Voir le résumé
Joint actions require an ability to understand and predict the actions of others far enough into the future to
have time to plan and execute matching motor programs. Here I will review experiments in which we have
tracked information flow from one brain to another to show that the motor system seems to play a key role in
these functions. I will embed this experimental data in a Hebbian learning model, which posits that
predictions are the result of synaptic
plasticity during selfobservation. Jointly this talk will aim to trigger thoughts on how we can study the
involvement of the motor system in coordinating actions across individuals Mot(s) clés libre(s) : interaction linguistique, improvisation
|
Accéder à la ressource
|
|
|<
<< Page précédente
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