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What’s Special About Genes? Causal Specificity, Information, and Genetic
/ Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia
/ 27-04-2016
/ Canal-u.fr
WEBER Marcel
Voir le résumé
Voir le résumé
Philosophers of biology have recently been debating to what extent such
nucleic acids that are said to carry genetic information (i.e., DNA or
mRNA) really play a special role in development. A recent attempt to
defend such a special role consists in arguing that nucleic acid is what
makes an actual difference (as opposed to potential differences) to the
amino acid sequence of proteins. However, this is not sufficient as
there are often other actual-difference makers involved in protein
synthesis, for example, splicing or post-translational modification
mechanisms. For this reasons, it has been suggested that what
distinguishes nucleic acid is their causal specificity. Causal
specificity has to do with the amount of control that interventions on
the cause variable can exert on the effect variable. However, a
quantitative measure of causal specificity can be used to show that in
many cases the specificity of non-genetic causes is a full match to the
genetic causes.
In this talk, Marcel Weber argue that what matters
biologically is the causal specificity that inheres in possible
interventions that are biologically normal, where biological normality
is defined both in terms of what can happen in a population of organisms
at a non-negligible probability and what is consistent with normal
biological functioning of the rest of the organism. This kind of causal
specificity is higher for genetic causes than for the (known)
non-genetic causes. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : genes, philosophy, Philosophie
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