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Auteur
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EN-6. Philosophy and sustainable development
/ Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Florent ALIAS, UVED
/ 21-04-2015
/ Canal-u.fr
DICKS Henry
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Henry Dicks presents the three major fields of the environmental philosophy: environmental ethics, environmental metaphysics and environmental aesthetics. He concludes with a discussion about the philosophy of a sustainable development. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : ethics, environment, sustainable development, aesthetics, metaphysics, philosophy
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Host-Microbiota Symbiosis: One, Many, or Mega-Organism? Lessons from Internalism vs. Externalism debates in biology and psychology
/ Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia
/ 05-04-2016
/ Canal-u.fr
CHIU Lynn
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I will distinguish between three types of
interactionist reactions to internalist or externalist theories. These
theories assign specific theoretical roles to internal and external
factors, respectively. A « balanced » interactionist balances the
relative weight of internal and external factors without changing their
respective roles. An « extension » interactionist reassigns the roles to
both factors. A « transformative » interactionist rejects the original
theoretical framework, re-organizing internal and external factors under
a new alternative. Examples will be drawn from major debates in
evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and cognitive science. I
then suggest that there could be three alternative interpretations to
the « host-microbiota » holobiont/superorganism/metaorganism. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : microbiologie, philosophy, Philosophie, microbiology
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What does a ‘global history’ of biology bring to us ?
/ Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia
/ 07-06-2016
/ Canal-u.fr
MORANGE Michel
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Voir le résumé
To write a global history
of life sciences from Antiquity to extant research, from molecular biology to
ecology and ethology is an impossible task, the promise to be inaccurate and
wrong in many issues.
Nevertheless, the result is not without interest. It casts a new light on
continuities and discontinuities in biological thought, and on the relations
between biology and other scientific disciplines. It reveals the circulation of
concepts and methods between biological subdisciplines, and between Society and
biology. It shows the complex dynamics of biological transformations that gives
biology its specific nature. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : epistémologie, philosophy, Philosophie
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What’s Special About Genes? Causal Specificity, Information, and Genetic
/ Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia
/ 27-04-2016
/ Canal-u.fr
WEBER Marcel
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Philosophers of biology have recently been debating to what extent such
nucleic acids that are said to carry genetic information (i.e., DNA or
mRNA) really play a special role in development. A recent attempt to
defend such a special role consists in arguing that nucleic acid is what
makes an actual difference (as opposed to potential differences) to the
amino acid sequence of proteins. However, this is not sufficient as
there are often other actual-difference makers involved in protein
synthesis, for example, splicing or post-translational modification
mechanisms. For this reasons, it has been suggested that what
distinguishes nucleic acid is their causal specificity. Causal
specificity has to do with the amount of control that interventions on
the cause variable can exert on the effect variable. However, a
quantitative measure of causal specificity can be used to show that in
many cases the specificity of non-genetic causes is a full match to the
genetic causes.
In this talk, Marcel Weber argue that what matters
biologically is the causal specificity that inheres in possible
interventions that are biologically normal, where biological normality
is defined both in terms of what can happen in a population of organisms
at a non-negligible probability and what is consistent with normal
biological functioning of the rest of the organism. This kind of causal
specificity is higher for genetic causes than for the (known)
non-genetic causes. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : genes, philosophy, Philosophie
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Why Philosophy of Microbiology ?
/ Université de Bordeaux - Service Audiovisuel et Multimédia
/ 22-03-2016
/ Canal-u.fr
O'MALLEY Maureen
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Voir le résumé
Microbes have only recently become the objects of sustained
philosophical attention.
Some of the reasons why
philosophers now find microbes and microbiology interesting, and why
philosophy of microbiology might be a worthwhile activity are presented and discussed. Mot(s) clés libre(s) : microbiologie, philosophy, Philosophie, microbiology
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