L’utilisation de méthodes de théorie des faisceaux (Kashiwara-Schapira)a été dévelopée ces dernières années par Tamarkin, Nadler, Zaslow, Guillermou, Kashiwara et Schapira. Nous essaierons d’en donner un aperçu à la fois pour démontrer des résultats classiques, comme la conjecture d’Arnold, et pour des résultats nouveaux. The use of methods from the Sheaf Theory (Kashiwara-Schapira) was developped recently by Tamarkin, Nadler, Zaslow, Guillermou, Kashiwara and Schapira. We will try to give an insight of that, in order to prove classical results, such as the Arnold conjecture, and to obtain new results.  
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, institut fourier, summer school, feuilletages, COURBES PSEUDOHOLOMORPHES

indisponible
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, dynamics, institut fourier, number theory, summer school

One usually considers wave equations as evolution equations, i.e. imposes initial data and solves them. Equivalently, one can consider the forward and backward solution operators for the wave equation; these solve an equation Lu=f" style="position: relative;" tabindex="0" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame">Lu=f, for say f" style="position: relative;" tabindex="0" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame">f compactly supported, by demanding that u" style="position: relative;" tabindex="0" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame">u is supported at points which are reachable by forward, respectively backward, time-like or light-like curves. This property corresponds to causality. But it has been known for a long time that in certain settings, such as Minkowski space, there are other ways of solving wave equations, namely the Feynman and anti-Feynman solution operators (propagators). I will explain a general setup in which all of these propagators are inverses of the wave operator on appropriate function spaces, and also mention positivity properties, and the connection to spectral and scattering theory in Riemannian settings, as well as to the classical parametrix construction of Duistermaat and Hörmander.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : Feynman, Grenoble (Isère), institut fourier, colloquium mathalp, Propagator

In this talk I will describe recent work with Peter Hintz on globally solving quasilinear wave equations in the presence of trapped rays, on Kerr de Sitter space, and obtaining the asymptotic behavior of solutions. For the associated linear problem without trapping, one would consider a global, non elliptic, Fredholm framework; in the presence of trapping the same framework is available for spaces of growing functions only. In order to solve the quasilinear problem we thus combine these frameworks with the normally hyperbolic trapping results of Dyatlov and a Nash Moser iteration scheme.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, General Relativity, institut fourier, summer school, asymptotic analysis

In these lectures I will explain the basics of microlocal analysis, emphasizing non elliptic problems, such as wave propagation, both on manifolds without boundary, and on manifolds with boundary. In the latter case there is no `standard' algebra of differential, or pseudodifferential, operators; I will discuss two important frameworks: Melrose's totally characteristic, or b, operators and scattering operators. Apart from the algebraic and mapping properties, I will discuss microlocal ellipticity, real principal type propagation, radial points and generalizations, as well as normally hyperbolic trapping. The applications discussed will include Fredholm frameworks (which are thus global even for non elliptic problems!) for the Laplacian on asymptotically hyperbolic spaces and the wave operator on asymptotically de Sitter spaces, scattering theory for `scattering metrics' (such as the `large ends' of cones), wave propagation on asymptotically Minkowski spaces and generalizations (`Lorentzian scattering metrics') and on Kerr de Sitter type spaces. The lectures concentrate on linear PDE, but time permitting I will briefly discuss nonlinear versions. The lecture by the speaker in the final workshop will use these results to solve quasilinear wave equations globally, including describing the asymptotic behavior of solutions, on Kerr de Sitter spaces.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, General Relativity, institut fourier, summer school, asymptotic analysis

La problématique du contrôle optimal est de guider l'évolution en temps d'un système donné vers une configuration finale souhaitée, tout en minimisant un certain critère. Le point saillant de cette théorie, qui généralise le calcul des variations, est le principe du maximum de Pontryagin, qui donne des conditions nécessaires d'optimalité du premier ordre. Du point de vue numérique ce principe réduit le problème initial à un problème aux deux bouts qui peut être résolu par une méthode de tir. En pratique il est très difficile de faire converger numériquement une méthode de tir, et elle doit être combinée à d'autres approches. Je parlerai ici, sur des exemples motivés par l'aérospatiale, des méthodes de continuation numérique, de contrôle géométrique, puis d'éléments de théorie des systèmes dynamiques qui, convenablement utilisés, permettent de planifier des missions spatiales interplanétaires.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : théorie du contrôle, Grenoble (Isère), institut fourier, colloquium mathalp, aérospatial

In the 1920's Besicovitch studied linearly measurable sets in the plane, that is sets with locally finite "length". The basic question he addressed was whether the infinitesimal properties of the "length" of a set E in the plane yield geometric information on E itself. This simple question marks the beginning of the study of the geometry of measures and the associated field known as Geometric Measure Theory (GMT). In this series of lectures we will present some of the main results in the area concerning the regularity of the support of a measure in terms of the behavior of its density or in terms of its tangent structure. We will discuss applications to PDEs, free boundary regularity problem and harmonic analysis. The aim is that the GMT component of the mini-course will be self contained.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, institut fourier, summer school, geometric measure theory, calculus of variation

In the 1920's Besicovitch studied linearly measurable sets in the plane, that is sets with locally finite "length". The basic question he addressed was whether the infinitesimal properties of the "length" of a set E in the plane yield geometric information on E itself. This simple question marks the beginning of the study of the geometry of measures and the associated field known as Geometric Measure Theory (GMT). In this series of lectures we will present some of the main results in the area concerning the regularity of the support of a measure in terms of the behavior of its density or in terms of its tangent structure. We will discuss applications to PDEs, free boundary regularity problem and harmonic analysis. The aim is that the GMT component of the mini-course will be self contained.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, institut fourier, summer school, geometric measure theory, calculus of variation

In the 1920's Besicovitch studied linearly measurable sets in the plane, that is sets with locally finite "length". The basic question he addressed was whether the infinitesimal properties of the "length" of a set E in the plane yield geometric information on E itself. This simple question marks the beginning of the study of the geometry of measures and the associated field known as Geometric Measure Theory (GMT). In this series of lectures we will present some of the main results in the area concerning the regularity of the support of a measure in terms of the behavior of its density or in terms of its tangent structure. We will discuss applications to PDEs, free boundary regularity problem and harmonic analysis. The aim is that the GMT component of the mini-course will be self contained.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, institut fourier, summer school, geometric measure theory, calculus of variation

In the 1920's Besicovitch studied linearly measurable sets in the plane, that is sets with locally finite "length". The basic question he addressed was whether the infinitesimal properties of the "length" of a set E in the plane yield geometric information on E itself. This simple question marks the beginning of the study of the geometry of measures and the associated field known as Geometric Measure Theory (GMT). In this series of lectures we will present some of the main results in the area concerning the regularity of the support of a measure in terms of the behavior of its density or in terms of its tangent structure. We will discuss applications to PDEs, free boundary regularity problem and harmonic analysis. The aim is that the GMT component of the mini-course will be self contained.
Mot(s) clés libre(s) : mathématiques, Grenoble, école d'été, institut fourier, summer school, geometric measure theory, calculus of variation